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{{Infobox Legislature| name = Australian House of Representatives
| coa_pic =
| coa-pic =
| session_room = House of Representatives, Parliament House, Canberra.JPG
| house_type = Lower house
| leader1_type = [Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
| leader1 = [David Hawker
| party1 = [Liberal Party of Australia
| election1 = November 16, [
| leader2_type =
| leader2 =
| party2 =
| election2 =
| members = 150
| p_groups = [Liberal Party of Australia (74)
[Australian Labor Party (60)
[National Party of Australia (12)
[Country Liberal Party (1)
| election3 = 9 October [
| meeting_place = [Parliament House, Canberra, [Canberra, [Australian Capital Territory
| website = http://www.aph.gov.au/house/index.htm House of Representatives
-->
The
House of Representatives is one of the two houses (chambers) of the
Parliament of Australia. It is the
lower house, the other chamber, the Australian Senate being the
upper house.
The 150 members of the House are elected from single-member electoral district (geographic districts, sometimes known as "seats" but officially known as "Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives"). Each electorate has between 59,000 and 120,000 voters. They are designed to be relatively equal across the state or territory within which the electorate exists. Voting is by the 'preferential system' (usually referred to elsewhere as the
instant-runoff voting).
According to the Constitution of Australia, the powers of both houses are nearly equal, with the consent of both houses needed to pass legislation. The difference mostly relates to taxation legislation. In practice, by convention, the leader of the party (or coalition of parties) with a majority of members in the lower house is invited by the
Governor-General of Australia to form the Government. Thus the leader becomes the
Prime Minister of Australia and some of the other elected members of the Government party in both the House and the Senate become ministers responsible for various portfolios and administer government departments. Bills appropriating money (supply bills) can only be introduced or modified in the lower house and thus only the party with a majority in the lower house can govern. In the current Australian party system, this ensures that virtually all contentious votes are along party lines, and the Government always has a majority in those votes.
The Opposition party's main role in the House is to present arguments against the Government's policies and legislation, and attempt to hold the government accountable as much as possible by asking questions of importance during Question Time and during debates on legislation. In recent times, the Senate, by contrast, has not had a majority from the Government of the day (both Liberal/National Coalition and Labor), so votes in the Senate have become more meaningful. However, the Coalition Government gained a Senate majority from 1 July 2005, following the Australian federal election, 2004. The House's well-established committee system is not always as prominent as the Senate committee system because of the frequent lack of Senate majority.
In a reflection of the United Kingdom House of Commons, the predominant colour of the furnishings in the House of Representatives is green. However, the colour was tinted slightly to suggest the colour of eucalyptus trees.
Latest result
Summary of the 9 October 2004 Parliament of Australia Australian federal election, 2004|-!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left valign=top|Parties!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Primary Votes House!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|% House!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Seats Australian House of Representatives|-|align=left| Liberal Party of Australia|align="right" |690,275|align="right" |5.9|align="right" |12
|-|align=left| [Country Liberal Party-The Territory Party]|align="right" |4,409,117|align="right" |37.6|align="right" |60
|-|align=left|
Australian Greens|align="right" |235,315|align="right" |2.0|align="right" |-
|-|align=left| [Australian Democrats|align="right" |139,956|align="right" |1.2|align="right" |-
|-|align=left|[Christian Democratic Party (Australia)|align="right" |72,241|align="right" |0.6|align="right" |-
|-|align=left|
Independent (politician)|align="right" |288,206|align="right" |2.4|align="right" |3
|-|align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 90 %)|width="75" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|11,715,132|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.0|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
150|-|align=left|Informal votes|align="right" |639,851|rowspan=3 colspan=5||-|align=left|Total votes|align="right" |12,354,983|-|align=left|Registered voters|align="right" |13,021,230|-|align=left colspan=7|Source: Australian Electoral Commission.|}
Seats won by party at Australian elections, 1946 - 2004
{| border="1" cellpadding="2.5" cellspacing="0"|-! colspan="6" style="background:#ffdead;"| Seats Won|-| style="background:#ffa500;" align="center"| Election| style="background:#ff0000;" align="center"| Australian Labor Party| style="background:#00ffff;" align="center"|
Liberal Party of Australia| style="background:#008000;" align="center"| National Party of Australia| style="background:#bc8f8f;" align="center"| Other| style="background:#ffff00;" align="center"| Total|-|Australian federal election, 1946|43|15|11|5|74|-|Australian federal election, 1949|47|55|19|::|121|-|
Australian federal election, 1951|52|52|17|::|121|-|
Australian federal election, 1954|57|47|17|::|121|-|Australian federal election, 1955|47|57|18|::|122|-|Australian federal election, 1958|45|58|19|::|122|-|
Australian federal election, 1961|60|45|17|::|122|-|
Australian federal election, 1963|50|52|20|..|122|-|Australian federal election, 1966|41|61|21||124|-|
Australian federal election, 1969|59|46|20||125|-|
Australian federal election, 1972|67|38|20|..|125|-|Australian federal election, 1974|66|40|21|..|127|-|Australian federal election, 1975|36|68|23|..|127|-|
Australian federal election, 1977|38|67|19|..|124|-|
Australian federal election, 1980|51|54|20||125|-|Australian federal election, 1983|75|33|17||125|-|Australian federal election, 1984|82|45|21||148|-|
Australian federal election, 1987|86|43|19||148|-|Australian federal election, 1990|78|55|14|1|148|-|
Australian federal election, 1993|80|49|16|2|147|-|
Australian federal election, 1996|49|75|19|5|148|-|Australian federal election, 1998|67|64|16|1|148|-|Australian federal election, 2001|65|69|13|3|150|-|
Australian federal election, 2004|60|75|12|3|150|}
Main Committee
A unique development in the Australian House is its
Main Committee, designed to be an alternative debating chamber; it is modeled after the
Committee of the Whole that exists in several different legislatures, particularly the United States House of Representatives and
British House of Commons. Matters considered to be relatively uncontroversial can be referred by the entire House to the Main Committee, where substantive debate can take place. The Main Committee cannot, however, initiate nor make a final decision on any parliamentary business, although it can perform all tasks in between." The Structure Of The Australian House Of Representatives Over Its First One Hundred Years: The Impact Of Globalisation," Ian Harris
The Main Committee was created in 1994, to relieve some of the burden of the entire House: different matters can be processed in the House at large and in the Main Committee. As such, it is designed to be less formal, with a quorum of only three members: the Deputy Speaker of the House, one government member, and one non-government member. Decisions must be unanimous: any divided decision sends the question back to the House at large.
The Main Committee was created through the House's Standing Orders: Standing and Sessional Orders, House of Representatives it is thus a subordinate body of the House, and can only be in session while the House itself is in session. When a division vote in the House occurs, members in the Main Committee must return to the House to vote.
The Main Committee is housed in one of the House's committee rooms: the room is customized for this purpose and is laid out to resemble the House chamber. Main Committee Fact Sheet, Parliamentary Education Office
Due to the unique role of the Main Committee, proposals have been made to rename the body to avoid confusion with other parliamentary committees. Proposals include "Second Chamber"
The Second Chamber: Enhancing the Main Committee, House of Representatives and "Federation Chamber".
Renaming the Main Committee, House of Representatives The concept of a parallel body to expedite Parliamentary business, based on the Australian Main Committee, was mentioned in a 1998
British House of Commons report.{{cite web | title =Select Committee on Modernisation of the House of Commons First Report
| work =
| publisher =[British House of Commons
| date =
7 December [
| url =http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199899/cmselect/cmmodern/60/6013.htm
| accessdate = 2007-06-20-->
See also
References
External links
- House of Representatives Committees - Parliament of Australia
{{Infobox Legislature| name = Australian House of Representatives
| coa_pic =
| coa-pic =
| session_room = House of Representatives, Parliament House, Canberra.JPG
| house_type = Lower house
| leader1_type = [Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
| leader1 = [David Hawker
| party1 = [Liberal Party of Australia
| election1 =
November 16, [
| leader2_type =
| leader2 =
| party2 =
| election2 =
| members = 150
| p_groups = [Liberal Party of Australia (74)
[Australian Labor Party (60)
[National Party of Australia (12)
[Country Liberal Party (1)
| election3 = 9 October [
| meeting_place = [Parliament House, Canberra, [Canberra, [Australian Capital Territory
| website = http://www.aph.gov.au/house/index.htm House of Representatives
-->
The
House of Representatives is one of the two houses (chambers) of the
Parliament of Australia. It is the lower house, the other chamber, the Australian Senate being the upper house.
The 150 members of the House are elected from single-member
electoral district (geographic districts, sometimes known as "seats" but officially known as "Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives"). Each electorate has between 59,000 and 120,000 voters. They are designed to be relatively equal across the state or territory within which the electorate exists. Voting is by the 'preferential system' (usually referred to elsewhere as the
instant-runoff voting).
According to the Constitution of Australia, the powers of both houses are nearly equal, with the consent of both houses needed to pass
legislation. The difference mostly relates to taxation legislation. In practice, by convention, the leader of the party (or coalition of parties) with a majority of members in the lower house is invited by the
Governor-General of Australia to form the Government. Thus the leader becomes the
Prime Minister of Australia and some of the other elected members of the Government party in both the House and the Senate become ministers responsible for various portfolios and administer government departments. Bills appropriating money (supply bills) can only be introduced or modified in the lower house and thus only the party with a majority in the lower house can govern. In the current Australian party system, this ensures that virtually all contentious votes are along party lines, and the Government always has a majority in those votes.
The Opposition party's main role in the House is to present arguments against the Government's policies and legislation, and attempt to hold the government accountable as much as possible by asking questions of importance during
Question Time and during debates on legislation. In recent times, the Senate, by contrast, has not had a majority from the Government of the day (both Liberal/National Coalition and Labor), so votes in the Senate have become more meaningful. However, the Coalition Government gained a Senate majority from 1 July 2005, following the
Australian federal election, 2004. The House's well-established committee system is not always as prominent as the Senate committee system because of the frequent lack of Senate majority.
In a reflection of the United Kingdom House of Commons, the predominant colour of the furnishings in the House of Representatives is green. However, the colour was tinted slightly to suggest the colour of eucalyptus trees.
Latest result
Summary of the 9 October 2004 Parliament of Australia Australian federal election, 2004|-!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left valign=top|Parties!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Primary Votes House!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|% House!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Seats Australian House of Representatives|-|align=left| Liberal Party of Australia|align="right" |690,275|align="right" |5.9|align="right" |12
|-|align=left| [Country Liberal Party-The Territory Party]|align="right" |4,409,117|align="right" |37.6|align="right" |60
|-|align=left|Australian Greens|align="right" |235,315|align="right" |2.0|align="right" |-
|-|align=left| [Australian Democrats|align="right" |139,956|align="right" |1.2|align="right" |-
|-|align=left|[Christian Democratic Party (Australia)|align="right" |72,241|align="right" |0.6|align="right" |-
|-|align=left|
Independent (politician)|align="right" |288,206|align="right" |2.4|align="right" |3
|-|align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 90 %)|width="75" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|11,715,132|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.0|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
150|-|align=left|Informal votes|align="right" |639,851|rowspan=3 colspan=5||-|align=left|Total votes|align="right" |12,354,983|-|align=left|Registered voters|align="right" |13,021,230|-|align=left colspan=7|Source: Australian Electoral Commission.|}
Seats won by party at Australian elections, 1946 - 2004
{| border="1" cellpadding="2.5" cellspacing="0"|-! colspan="6" style="background:#ffdead;"| Seats Won|-| style="background:#ffa500;" align="center"| Election| style="background:#ff0000;" align="center"|
Australian Labor Party| style="background:#00ffff;" align="center"| Liberal Party of Australia| style="background:#008000;" align="center"| National Party of Australia| style="background:#bc8f8f;" align="center"| Other| style="background:#ffff00;" align="center"| Total|-|
Australian federal election, 1946|43|15|11|5|74|-|
Australian federal election, 1949|47|55|19|::|121|-|
Australian federal election, 1951|52|52|17|::|121|-|Australian federal election, 1954|57|47|17|::|121|-|Australian federal election, 1955|47|57|18|::|122|-|
Australian federal election, 1958|45|58|19|::|122|-|Australian federal election, 1961|60|45|17|::|122|-|
Australian federal election, 1963|50|52|20|..|122|-|Australian federal election, 1966|41|61|21||124|-|Australian federal election, 1969|59|46|20||125|-|
Australian federal election, 1972|67|38|20|..|125|-|
Australian federal election, 1974|66|40|21|..|127|-|
Australian federal election, 1975|36|68|23|..|127|-|
Australian federal election, 1977|38|67|19|..|124|-|
Australian federal election, 1980|51|54|20||125|-|Australian federal election, 1983|75|33|17||125|-|
Australian federal election, 1984|82|45|21||148|-|
Australian federal election, 1987|86|43|19||148|-|
Australian federal election, 1990|78|55|14|1|148|-|Australian federal election, 1993|80|49|16|2|147|-|
Australian federal election, 1996|49|75|19|5|148|-|Australian federal election, 1998|67|64|16|1|148|-|Australian federal election, 2001|65|69|13|3|150|-|Australian federal election, 2004|60|75|12|3|150|}
Main Committee
A unique development in the Australian House is its
Main Committee, designed to be an alternative debating chamber; it is modeled after the
Committee of the Whole that exists in several different legislatures, particularly the
United States House of Representatives and British House of Commons. Matters considered to be relatively uncontroversial can be referred by the entire House to the Main Committee, where substantive debate can take place. The Main Committee cannot, however, initiate nor make a final decision on any parliamentary business, although it can perform all tasks in between." The Structure Of The Australian House Of Representatives Over Its First One Hundred Years: The Impact Of Globalisation," Ian Harris
The Main Committee was created in 1994, to relieve some of the burden of the entire House: different matters can be processed in the House at large and in the Main Committee. As such, it is designed to be less formal, with a quorum of only three members: the Deputy Speaker of the House, one government member, and one non-government member. Decisions must be unanimous: any divided decision sends the question back to the House at large.
The Main Committee was created through the House's Standing Orders: Standing and Sessional Orders, House of Representatives it is thus a subordinate body of the House, and can only be in session while the House itself is in session. When a division vote in the House occurs, members in the Main Committee must return to the House to vote.
The Main Committee is housed in one of the House's committee rooms: the room is customized for this purpose and is laid out to resemble the House chamber. Main Committee Fact Sheet, Parliamentary Education Office
Due to the unique role of the Main Committee, proposals have been made to rename the body to avoid confusion with other parliamentary committees. Proposals include "Second Chamber"
The Second Chamber: Enhancing the Main Committee, House of Representatives and "Federation Chamber".
Renaming the Main Committee, House of Representatives The concept of a parallel body to expedite Parliamentary business, based on the Australian Main Committee, was mentioned in a 1998 British House of Commons report.{{cite web | title =Select Committee on Modernisation of the House of Commons First Report
| work =
| publisher =[British House of Commons
| date =7 December [
| url =http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199899/cmselect/cmmodern/60/6013.htm
| accessdate = 2007-06-20-->
See also
References
External links
- House of Representatives Committees - Parliament of Australia
Australian House of Representatives - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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